From busy interstates like I-70 to rural county roads, car accidents in Missouri can lead to serious injuries, medical expenses, and disputes over liability. If you’ve been hurt in a crash, it’s important to understand how Missouri law handles fault, insurance claims, and personal injury lawsuits. This guide will walk you through your rights and responsibilities after a car accident in the Show-Me State.
Missouri Is an At-Fault State
Missouri follows a fault-based system for car accidents. This means the person who caused the crash is responsible for paying damages, either through their insurance or out of pocket. As an accident victim, you can:
- File a claim with your own insurance company
- File a third-party claim with the at-fault driver’s insurance
- File a personal injury lawsuit in civil court
This system allows you more flexibility than a no-fault state, but it also places greater importance on proving liability.
Pure Comparative Fault Applies
Missouri uses a pure comparative fault rule to handle cases where multiple parties share blame. If you are partially responsible for the accident, your compensation will be reduced based on your percentage of fault.
For example, if your total damages are $50,000 and you’re found 20% at fault, you would still receive $40,000. You can recover damages even if you were more than 50% responsible, though the payout will be significantly reduced.
Minimum Insurance Requirements in Missouri
Missouri law requires drivers to carry the following minimum liability insurance:
- $25,000 for bodily injury per person
- $50,000 for bodily injury per accident
- $25,000 for property damage
- $25,000/$50,000 uninsured motorist bodily injury coverage
Uninsured motorist coverage is mandatory, but underinsured motorist (UIM) coverage is optional.
Statute of Limitations for Car Accident Claims
If you need to file a lawsuit for personal injury or property damage after a car accident, you have five years from the date of the crash to do so. This is one of the longer deadlines in the U.S., but it’s still wise to act quickly while evidence is fresh.
If a government vehicle was involved, you may have to file a formal claim much sooner—typically within 90 days to one year.
When Are You Required to Report a Crash?
You must report a crash in Missouri if:
- There is injury or death
- Property damage exceeds $500
- One or more vehicles have no insurance
The Missouri Driver License Bureau requires that an accident report be filed within 30 days if the crash meets any of the above criteria and law enforcement didn’t investigate the scene.
What If the Other Driver Is Uninsured?
If you’re injured in a crash and the other driver doesn’t have insurance, your uninsured motorist (UM) coverage will help cover medical expenses. This is a required part of every auto insurance policy in Missouri.
If the other driver has some coverage but not enough, underinsured motorist (UIM) coverage—if included in your policy—can help make up the difference.
Compensation Available After a Crash
If you were injured due to someone else’s negligence, you may be able to recover compensation for:
- Medical bills (past and future)
- Lost wages and reduced earning potential
- Pain and suffering
- Property damage
- Mental anguish or emotional distress
The amount you receive depends on the severity of your injuries, your degree of fault, and the insurance coverage available.
What Rights Do Passengers Have?
Passengers injured in a car accident in Missouri can file a claim against the driver of the vehicle they were in or against another at-fault driver. Passengers are rarely considered at fault, which often makes their claims easier to pursue.
Like drivers, passengers can seek damages for medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering if their injuries are serious.
Do You Need a Lawyer After a Missouri Car Accident?
While you’re not legally required to hire an attorney, having legal representation can make a big difference—especially if you’re seriously injured, partially blamed, or dealing with an uninsured driver. A personal injury lawyer can handle negotiations with insurers, gather evidence, and represent you in court if needed. Many offer free consultations and only get paid if you win.